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不管是托福iBT口語(yǔ)考試的1，2題獨(dú)立任務(wù)，

或者是雅思()考試的卡片，

抑或就是普通與外國(guó)人的交流，

大多數(shù)學(xué)生都要面對(duì)以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題：

1 對(duì)內(nèi)容的陳述缺乏細(xì)節(jié)，繞圈子，意境朦朧，讓人覺(jué)得不知所云。

2 對(duì)自己生活總結(jié)不足，不知道該說(shuō)什么，想說(shuō)什么，能說(shuō)什么。表達(dá)的時(shí)候缺乏信心。

3 就算準(zhǔn)備過(guò)的話題也覺(jué)得沒(méi)底，擔(dān)心考試的時(shí)候考的剛好是這個(gè)話題中自己沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備過(guò)的分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。

針對(duì)這么幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，我圍繞2008年的年度熱門話題—體育為例，論述如何合理構(gòu)思，備考口語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立任務(wù)。

美國(guó)的體育選拔機(jī)制集中與高中和大學(xué)，孩子從小就會(huì)參加棒球社區(qū)聯(lián)賽Baseball Little League，女生踢足球Soccer，高中之后很多體現(xiàn)出體育天賦的年輕人開始有目的的象職業(yè)聯(lián)盟努力。 這些聯(lián)盟包括， NFL(National Football League)國(guó)家橄欖球聯(lián)盟， MLB(Major League Baseball)美國(guó)職棒大聯(lián)盟， NHL(National Hockey League)，以及我們中國(guó)人已經(jīng)很熟悉的NBA(National Basketball Association)。 美國(guó)人在了解，結(jié)交一個(gè)新朋友的時(shí)候，比較喜歡了解對(duì)方的話題之一就是體育愛(ài)好，并希望找到志同道合的體育愛(ài)好者，開展下一步的交友。 對(duì)于體育話題的總結(jié)和練習(xí)，短期可能是為了取得良好的考試成績(jī)， 長(zhǎng)期來(lái)說(shuō)則是為了在國(guó)內(nèi)或者國(guó)外更好的融入英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的社會(huì)生活， 結(jié)交更多朋友，進(jìn)而體會(huì)更多國(guó)外文化。

1 詞匯包裝，保證精彩和詳細(xì)

如果背單詞的目的不僅僅是識(shí)別閱讀，聽力中的要點(diǎn)，

還包括口語(yǔ)，作文中有效表達(dá)的話。 那么我們要明白句子中主要有三種詞匯。

1)實(shí)詞： 名詞 動(dòng)詞 數(shù)字 形容詞 副詞

其中名詞，動(dòng)詞和數(shù)字使答題內(nèi)容具體細(xì)化;

形容詞和副詞的包裝作用可以是答題變得更加華麗。

2)虛詞： 助詞 感嘆詞

助動(dòng)詞： 完成句型的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣。 平時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)法曲折變位的能力

感嘆詞： 使答題充滿人性，不沉悶，很動(dòng)態(tài)，幫助你展現(xiàn)感性的成分。

3)連詞： 答題的理性的成分，制造內(nèi)容的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，展現(xiàn)口才的邏輯質(zhì)量。

有目的的積累， 善用各種詞性的好詞，可以對(duì)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)進(jìn)行精彩的包裝。

2 亮點(diǎn)論據(jù)，升級(jí)內(nèi)容的技術(shù)含量。

不管考試時(shí)間如何要求答題長(zhǎng)度，考生需要意識(shí)到，我們不僅要完成填充題目要求時(shí)間，

還要保證填充信息的技術(shù)含量和精彩程度。

下列論據(jù)大家要學(xué)會(huì)積累，這樣才能或具體話題點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)使用或放之四海皆真的廣泛應(yīng)用于各種話題中。

1)fact 擺事實(shí)

2)statistics 列數(shù)字

3)witness/testimony 親身經(jīng)驗(yàn)/別人經(jīng)驗(yàn)

4)comparison/analogy比較/類比

5)example 貼切的例子

6)anecdote黑色幽默的奇聞趣事

7)quotation名人名言引用

在這樣的選詞和造句的原則下，我們面對(duì)一個(gè)話題，要考慮能說(shuō)出來(lái)的信息總量有多少，之后把這些信息都寫出來(lái)，反復(fù)朗讀，并使用我給的錄音軟件來(lái)錄音，幫助自己不見得要背誦，但是至少要非常熟悉。

下面的體育話題完成了

1 興趣愛(ài)好：運(yùn)動(dòng)

2 偶像明星：科比布萊恩特

3 生活大事：偶遇明星

4 體育運(yùn)動(dòng)：籃球

5 影響自己的事情/人：籃球的精神層面/科比身上的珍貴品質(zhì)等話題的備考準(zhǔn)備。

這篇口語(yǔ)作文的總字?jǐn)?shù)超過(guò)400。

大家需要知道的是，這么長(zhǎng)的文章不是全部服務(wù)于45秒/90秒的答案。

這些單詞，句子和信息，是針對(duì)體育這個(gè)話題， 大家應(yīng)該會(huì)的內(nèi)容。

不同的同學(xué)會(huì)選擇不同的內(nèi)容和多種句子組合順序，

這樣會(huì)避免拿著這個(gè)材料的很多同學(xué)答案出現(xiàn)同質(zhì)性的問(wèn)題。

大家用以上的原則，到這篇文章中找找精彩的亮點(diǎn)吧。

娛樂(lè)-體育: Basket-ball / Kobe Bryant / LA Lakers

My favorite sport is without a shadow of a doubt basketball.

And, funny story, I met a NBA basketball player for the first time in my life at an airport when I wasn’t that familiar with NBA.

I looked at him and didn’t know who he was.

Now I think about it, it was Kobe Bryant.

Wow! I had no idea! What a waste of opportunity! .

I mean, I could’ve asked for an autograph.

But i didn’t. Ooooh, I hate myself.

I’m a huge fan of the L.A. Lakers.

There’re too many reasons for this.

To start with, it’s dynasty in the forming.

Some people say that Shaquille O’neal and Kobe Bryant,

THAT was a dynasty!

But I’m not a big fan of Shaq; I love Kobe.

Being a guard, he’s all around.

He scored 81 points back in 2006 in a game against the Toronto Raptors.

In 2007, around the same time of the year, he scored more than 50 for four consecutive games.

And this year, he’s taking the Lakers all the way to the Final after beating San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference Final.

And before that they beat Utah Jazz.

We often say that there’s no easy game in the West.

And Kobe and his team came all the way.

That could only mean one thing--They’re unbelievably good.

I play basketball whenever I can.

And I even imitate some of Kobe’s moves.

I’m not that tall, but still, I can jump shoot, do the lay-up, and if the hoop is low enough, do a slam dunk.

Being a guard is like being a captain of a team.

You initiate every attack, you decide the offense strategy.

And when you give out assists, you’re helping other teammates;

when you’re hitting three-pointers, you’re encouraging the whole team.

When you do a lay-up in a fast break, you’re pissing off your opponents.

The more you play basketball, the more you find there’s more to basketball than just a physical game.

It has a mental state to it.

How to be selfless, how to contribute to the team instead of just thinking for yourself, how to work with others--these are also questions we have to face in real life.

The NBA has a catch-phrase, i love this game. It’s more than i can say about it.

And this year, i found it was changed.

Now the motto is “Where Amazing Happens!”

David Stern is absolutely a genius.

Basketball provides me more than exercise, but more importantly, inspiration and encouragement in life.

I love it.

娛樂(lè)-體育: Basket-ball / Kobe Bryant / LA Lakers

My favorite sport is without a shadow of a doubt basketball.

And, funny story, I met a NBA basketball player for the first time in my life at an airport when I wasn’t that familiar with NBA.

I looked at him and didn’t know who he was.

Now I think about it, it was Kobe Bryant.

Wow! I had no idea! What a waste of opportunity! .

I mean, I could’ve asked for an autograph.

But i didn’t. Ooooh, I hate myself.

I’m a huge fan of the L.A. Lakers.

There’re too many reasons for this.

To start with, it’s dynasty in the forming.

Some people say that Shaquille O’neal and Kobe Bryant,

THAT was a dynasty!

But I’m not a big fan of Shaq; I love Kobe.

Being a guard, he’s all around.

He scored 81 points back in 2006 in a game against the Toronto Raptors.

In 2007, around the same time of the year, he scored more than 50 for four consecutive games.

And this year, he’s taking the Lakers all the way to the Final after beating San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference Final.

And before that they beat Utah Jazz.

We often say that there’s no easy game in the West.

And Kobe and his team came all the way.

That could only mean one thing--They’re unbelievably good.

I play basketball whenever I can.

And I even imitate some of Kobe’s moves.

I’m not that tall, but still, I can jump shoot, do the lay-up, and if the hoop is low enough, do a slam dunk.

Being a guard is like being a captain of a team.

You initiate every attack, you decide the offense strategy.

And when you give out assists, you’re helping other teammates;

when you’re hitting three-pointers, you’re encouraging the whole team.

When you do a lay-up in a fast break, you’re pissing off your opponents.

The more you play basketball, the more you find there’s more to basketball than just a physical game.

It has a mental state to it.

How to be selfless, how to contribute to the team instead of just thinking for yourself, how to work with others--these are also questions we have to face in real life.

The NBA has a catch-phrase, i love this game. It’s more than i can say about it.

And this year, i found it was changed.

Now the motto is “Where Amazing Happens!”

David Stern is absolutely a genius.

Basketball provides me more than exercise, but more importantly, inspiration and encouragement in life.

I love it.