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眾所周知，寫作的提高不是一日之功。隨著考試的日益臨近，文都考研(論壇) 命題組老師為大家支招——越需要花大力氣進(jìn)行備考的題型，越需要注意技巧和方法，抓住解題核心。一般來說，四級考場作文的寫作步驟分為四步：

(一)審題立意

命題作文寫作過程中最關(guān)鍵的步驟就是審題，不仔細(xì)審題很容易使作文跑題，因此這是必不可少的第一步，一般需要注意以下兩個方面：

1.分析題目和提綱，確定文章的體裁及命題類型，抓住中心思想，聯(lián)想此作文要求的體裁及命題類型的寫作原則及要求。

2.進(jìn)一步確定給定的題材及此作文要考查重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。也就是說，通過審題，考生對作文談?wù)摰闹饕掝}心中有數(shù)。還要從題目中找出關(guān)鍵詞，判斷該題目含概內(nèi)容以及側(cè)重點(diǎn)是什么。例如，“Will E-books Replace Traditional Books”，電子書籍能否代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)書籍是本作文要討論的中心內(nèi)容，寫作時要抓住 “E-books”的好處/缺點(diǎn)和“Traditional Books”的好處/缺點(diǎn)來論證作文主題。

(二)草擬提綱

四級考試中最常見的是給出題目和提綱題型，因此只需考生能正確有效地去利用已經(jīng)給出的中文提綱，對提綱材料進(jìn)行加工、補(bǔ)充、擴(kuò)展即可。文章的大概內(nèi)容每個考生都很容易把握，因此擴(kuò)展這一步驟顯得尤為重要，首先確定重點(diǎn)，選準(zhǔn)擴(kuò)充點(diǎn)，將較抽象的內(nèi)容具體化，闡述透徹，要有新意，要出現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)。另外，考生要注意不同的作文題型，對列提綱的要求有所不同，寫作的格式也不同。最后，建議考生最好直接用英語(論壇)列出更細(xì)的提綱。這樣既節(jié)約時間，又提高寫作速度。

(三)落筆寫作

題目中已經(jīng)列出漢語提綱，寫作思路的難度大大降低，因此考生要更加注重寫作過程。在這一過程中，以所擬定的提綱為指導(dǎo)，把提綱中要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容通過一些過渡手段將其連接成完整的文章。文章得分的關(guān)鍵在于能夠合理地對構(gòu)思素材取舍增補(bǔ)，調(diào)整框架結(jié)構(gòu)，并且不斷創(chuàng)造語言亮點(diǎn)，例如：各種從句、虛擬語氣、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、插入語以及替換詞。最后還要兼顧各種語法現(xiàn)象。

(四)修改潤色

考試過程中時間往往很緊張，考生最好考慮成熟后動筆直接寫在試卷上，這樣節(jié)省時間。另外，如果確實(shí)有要修改的地方，要注意卷面的整潔，這往往會影響閱卷老師的第一印象。檢查文章時主要從以下幾個方面入手:

1.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)上的檢查。這主要是檢查文章的主題是否明確，篇章層次是否明顯，段落銜接是否連貫，內(nèi)容是否切題等。

2.段落檢查。這一步主要檢查段落是否完善，中心是否突出，段內(nèi)各句是否銜接緊湊等。

3.語法上的檢查，包括用詞是否恰當(dāng)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)是否正確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，語句是否通順等。

下面以2009年12月四級作文真題為例，詳細(xì)闡述一下寫作的這四個步驟：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “Creating A Green Campus”.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境……

3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該……

(一)審題立意

1.首先審題目以及提綱，考生很容易判斷出這是問題解決類作文。

2.該作文體現(xiàn)出一種較新的命題方式，首先在題材上，依然是我們所熟悉的校園類話題，同時兼顧社會的熱點(diǎn)：環(huán)保問題，這也與社會的大背景有關(guān)系，剛剛閉幕的哥本哈根世界氣候大會也同時關(guān)注環(huán)保減排這個主題，因此我們的作文也與社會熱點(diǎn)有很大的關(guān)系。分析題目Green “綠色”和Campus “校園”是本作文的關(guān)鍵詞?？忌鷳?yīng)該考慮綠色校園具體是什么含義。重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在綠色校園的含義以及我們應(yīng)該采取的措施上?？季硪呀?jīng)列出了提綱，這是對“三段式”提綱類作文寫作結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。

(二)草擬提綱

Topic: Creating A Green Campus

Question: What’s a green campus and how to creat a green campus?

Outline:

Creating A Green Campus

I. Nowadays the topic of a green campus has aroused public attention.

1.It is of vital importance to the students

2.It has a profound impact on society

II. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment.

1. green environment preservation and protection

2.a civilized atmosphere for students’ mental health

III. It is imperative for us to take effective measures to creat a green campus.

1.The law and regulations should be worked out

2.Enhanced the awareness of the students themselves

(三)落筆寫作

1.闡述問題段：根據(jù)題目中的提綱，首先強(qiáng)調(diào)建立綠色校園的重要性，最好在此句之前做一個鋪墊，介紹建立綠色校園受到人們廣泛關(guān)注這一背景信息，即the topic of a green campus has aroused public attention.

important。

the indispensable part for, has a profound impact on, significance等。

2.說明原因段：對綠色校園的兩方面含義進(jìn)行論述。另外在展開論證過程中，抽象句子要舉例說明，如：such as planting more trees and flowers, for example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams，這些具體信息使文章更生動，容易理解。

to begin with, in addition to; furthermore/not only … but also …/ what’s more; for example/for instance/such as; in other words/ in particular等。

The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment.

campus construction refers to green environment preservation and protection。然后舉例進(jìn)一步解釋此含義，并強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性：which makes campus an ecological and natural resort.在這個過程中考生要注意亮點(diǎn)詞匯以及句型的使用。

in addition to引出“綠色校園”的第二層含義，即create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’ mental health.然后舉例進(jìn)一步解釋此含義。如：For example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams and plagiarizing in academic papers.

3.解決方法段：鑒于“綠色校園”的重要性，說明采取措施的必要性，如：To bring “green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken.

We must…/ We should…等。

It is essential that …; Only by the co瞖fforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly.這樣使自己的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)得既委婉又客觀。

Creating A Green Campus

Nowadays the topic of a green campus has been widely debated which has aroused public attention. Undoubtedly, a green campus, the indispensable part for the development of college students, has a profound impact on both individuals and society, for its significance cannot be denied.

The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. To begin with, campus construction refers to green environment preservation and protection, such as planting more trees and flowers, which makes campus an ecological and natural resort, and advocating green products. For example, students are encouraged to avoid using disposable plastic containers in campus dining hall and recycle wasted batteries and other electrical products properly. In addition to the environmentally friendly practice, we shall make every effort to improve the moral standard and ethical level of university students in order to create a civilized atmosphere for the sake of students’ mental health. For example, students will be severely punished in case of cheating in exams and plagiarizing in academic papers.

To bring “green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. First, based on its education function, campus should bring the theory of “sustainable development” into classrooms, set environmental management rules and conduct environmental education activities. Second, it is essential that law and regulations be worked out and enforced by the government and school authorities. Only by the co-efforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly and bring benefit to people’s well-beings.

(四)修改潤色

1.檢查

檢查是否包含考卷提綱列出的所有信息；各段落銜接是否連貫，使用In the first place, Furthermore, On the one hand， For instance， On the other hand等詞可以達(dá)到這種效果；語法上單詞拼寫上是否有誤，如較長單詞indispensable，environmentally friendly，preservation，plagiarizing等，以及短語has a profound impact on，disposable plastic containers，in case of，bring …to its full play, bring benefit to以及最后一段中虛擬語氣、倒裝句使用是否正確。避免使用“漢語式英語”；檢查文章標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是否正確。

2.潤色

例如：Only by the co-efforts of the whole society could “green campus” work smoothly and bring benefit to people’s well-beings中使用倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)，凸顯考生的語法功底。