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[摘要]單項(xiàng)選擇題是繼聽(tīng)力題后考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平的第一項(xiàng)大題，單選題的成敗關(guān)系到考生整場(chǎng)考試的心理狀態(tài)和水平的發(fā)揮?，F(xiàn)分享2015高考英語(yǔ)單選題解題技巧，供考生參考復(fù)習(xí)。

單選題考查覆蓋面通常較廣，涉及動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、倒裝、主謂一致、交際用語(yǔ)等，語(yǔ)境靈活，題干新穎，迷惑性較大，不少學(xué)生反映并不容易做。那么如何在單選題中拿高分呢？筆者分別以剛剛結(jié)束的二模英語(yǔ)(課程)考試、一?？荚嚭?014年江蘇英語(yǔ)高考(課程)單選題為例，談一談單選題的解題技巧。

轉(zhuǎn)換法

（二模，25） Look, ____beautiful flowers ____ the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.

A.such；is B.so；are C.how；is D.what；are

正確答案為A。此題是一個(gè)such在句首的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝現(xiàn)象，第二空考查了主謂一致。乍一看，這道題有點(diǎn)無(wú)從下手。我們可以將倒裝句轉(zhuǎn)換成正常的語(yǔ)序來(lái)降低句子難度，即The girl ____ carrying beautiful flowers that she becomes the focus in the room.如此一來(lái)，不難看出選A。The girl is carrying such beautiful folwers that she becomes the focus in the room.這個(gè)女孩捧著如此美麗的花以至于她成為了房間里矚目的焦點(diǎn)。

（一模，21）-Kim，give me your report by 10am.

- ____ have you been in charge of this project？

A.Since when B.By whom C.For what D.From where

正確答案為A。此題答句是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前置的疑問(wèn)句，可將其改為肯定句，即You have been in charge of this project ____.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)該選since when，意思為“從何時(shí)起你負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目？”

刪除法

（二模，22）-Why are you so familiar with my close friend Nipple？

-Yeah，I happen，believe it or not，____ him in a packed trip.

A. to meet B.to be meeting C.to have met D.to be met

正確答案為C。將believe it or not刪除，使句子簡(jiǎn)化，即I happen ____him in a packed trip.因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話人遇見(jiàn)Nipple 是在happen to （碰巧）之前，所以用to have met。

（一模，35）____ in running for head of the department，which most colleagues had not expected，made her parents very upset.

A.Lucy was defeated B.Lucy being defeated

C.Lucy's been defeated D.Lucy's being defeated

正確答案為D。題目中的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，可以先行刪去使句子簡(jiǎn)化。句子的主干則變?yōu)開(kāi)___ in running for head of the department make her parents very upset.通過(guò)句子成分分析可知橫線中的成分充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)，選擇D，動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做句子主語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)應(yīng)該排除，因?yàn)閯?dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用名詞的所有格，不能用普通格。

代入法

（二模，21）This course is based on a project，one of ____ aims is to improve the students' comprehensive ability in English.

A.whose B.which C.its D.what

正確答案為A。此題是考查的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為project，可將project 代入定語(yǔ)從句中分析，即one of the project aims is to……不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，劃線處應(yīng)為the project's，原題中的劃線處成分充當(dāng)aims 的定語(yǔ)，所以選A。此題的難度不大，關(guān)鍵是考生在做題時(shí)要認(rèn)真細(xì)致。如果審題不清，遺漏了“one of ____ aims is to improve”中的“is”，錯(cuò)誤地看成了“aims to improve”，就容易誤選成which了。

結(jié)合語(yǔ)境法

（二模，26）-Haven't seen you for ages！Where have you been？

-I ____ in Xinjiang for one year，volunteering services as a doctor.

A. have stayed B.stay C.stayed D.am staying

正確答案為C。由第一句話可知，答語(yǔ)中的人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，即已經(jīng)不在新疆了。所以他曾經(jīng)在新疆呆過(guò)一年，這個(gè)是過(guò)去發(fā)生事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在新疆了。由此可得出C。

（2014江蘇高考，23）-How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing？

-Well，the media ____ it in a variety of forms.

A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered

正確答案為C.。由答語(yǔ)中的“Well”可知，說(shuō)話人對(duì)于南京青奧會(huì)非常了解，所以說(shuō)媒體已經(jīng)以各種形式報(bào)道過(guò)了。這題特別要注意語(yǔ)境，第一句話問(wèn)道 “你對(duì)即將舉行的南京青奧會(huì)了解多少？”很多考生會(huì)把答語(yǔ)中的“Well”理解為 “好吧，那么”，再根據(jù)第一句話中的“to be held in Nanjing”得出是“即將舉行”，因此容易誤選成B，用了將來(lái)時(shí)。實(shí)際上，答語(yǔ)中首先要回答前者的提問(wèn)，所以考生在答題時(shí)一定要仔細(xì)審題，把握好語(yǔ)境。

此外，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和同義詞辨析也是近年來(lái)高考和?？伎疾榈闹攸c(diǎn)，2014年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)單選題里共5道題涉及了動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或同義詞辨析，今年的二模卷和一模卷里各有6道，占了單選這一項(xiàng)總題量的近一半。這類題要求學(xué)生平時(shí)善于總結(jié)和積累，整理易錯(cuò)題，及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，考前注意查漏補(bǔ)缺，知己知彼才能百戰(zhàn)不殆。