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Putin signs bill obliging officials to declare their personal spending

Russian officials will have to be accountable not only for their personal spending, but also for the spending of their spouses and underage children. (Agencies)

President Vladimir Putin signed a set of bills introducing controls on personal spending by government officials. According to the new law, the controls will apply to “purchases of land or other real estate property, vehicles, securities and stocks, if their amount exceeds the income of the purchaser and his or her spouse for the three years immediately preceding the transaction.”

Officials will have to declare not only their own spending, but also the spending of their spouses and underage children. The source of funds for the acquisition of any property will need to be justified. Failing to do so will result in the official being fired and the property confiscated.

The law also introduces criminal liability for failure to pay a fine that is envisaged as the main punishment for officials unable to prove the legality of their property acquisition. Penalties include house arrest or community service, with no jail time stipulated in this case.

The new provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2013, and they will apply to transactions entered into in 2012. When filing tax returns in April 2013, officials will have to declare not only their 2012 income, as usual, but also their expenses during that period.

The new law will apply to parliament deputies, senators, government ministers and regional and municipal officials, as well as to Central Bank and Pension Fund employees. According to Vladimir Vasilyev, deputy Duma speaker and head of the United Russia faction in the Duma, the amendments will affect almost 10 million people.

The government’s representative at federal courts, Mikhail Barshchevsky, estimates that, to control the spending of 10 million officials, the government will need to set up a special department with a staff of at least 300,000 people.

“The number of officials falling under this law should be cut to at least 100,000; the law should apply only to ministers, governors, police chiefs, chief judges and prosecutors,” Barshchevsky told Ekho Moskvy radio.

“If a governor and a vice-governor are not corrupt, they’ll make sure that department heads don’t embezzle money. They won’t allow their subordinates to be stealing and living richer lives than them,” the government representative said.

Barshchevsky also noted that officials already declare their property, along with their incomes. “You can see what property an official has bought in the past year, if you compare their property and income reports for the past two years,” Barshchevsky said.

俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京簽署了一系列控制政府官員個(gè)人消費(fèi)的法案。根據(jù)新法規(guī)，“如果官員購(gòu)買(mǎi)土地或其他房產(chǎn)、汽車(chē)、證券和股票的消費(fèi)額超過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)者和其配偶前三年的總收入”，將對(duì)其實(shí)行消費(fèi)控制。

官員不但要申報(bào)自己的消費(fèi)額，還要申報(bào)配偶及未成年子女的消費(fèi)額。官員需要證明自己所購(gòu)任何資產(chǎn)的資金來(lái)源為合法。如果做不到，官員就會(huì)被撤職，資產(chǎn)被充公。

對(duì)于那些無(wú)法證明資產(chǎn)購(gòu)買(mǎi)合法性而又沒(méi)有繳納作為主要懲罰的罰金的官員，該法規(guī)將對(duì)其追究刑事責(zé)任。處罰包括軟禁或社區(qū)服務(wù)，但沒(méi)有規(guī)定監(jiān)禁時(shí)間。

新法規(guī)將于2013年1月1日生效，對(duì)于2012年發(fā)生的交易也同樣有效力。當(dāng)2013年4月進(jìn)行納稅申報(bào)時(shí)，官員不但必須像往年那樣申報(bào)他們2012年度的收入，還須申報(bào)這一年度的消費(fèi)明細(xì)。

這一新法規(guī)將應(yīng)用于國(guó)會(huì)議員、參議員、政府部長(zhǎng)、地方和市政官員，以及中央銀行和養(yǎng)老基金會(huì)的雇員。據(jù)俄羅斯國(guó)家杜馬（下議院）代表發(fā)言人、統(tǒng)一俄羅斯黨主席弗拉基米爾•瓦西里耶夫表示，這一修正案將影響近1000萬(wàn)人。

俄羅斯政府在聯(lián)邦法院的代表米哈伊爾•巴什車(chē)夫斯基估計(jì)，要對(duì)1000萬(wàn)官員的消費(fèi)進(jìn)行控制，政府需要建立一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的部門(mén)，并配備至少30萬(wàn)名工作人員。

巴什車(chē)夫斯基告訴莫斯科回聲電臺(tái)說(shuō)：“受到這一法律制裁的官員人數(shù)應(yīng)被控制在至少10萬(wàn)人以?xún)?nèi)，該法規(guī)應(yīng)該只應(yīng)用于政府部長(zhǎng)、地方長(zhǎng)官、警察局長(zhǎng)、審判長(zhǎng)和檢察官?！?/SPAN>

這位政府代表說(shuō)道：“如果省長(zhǎng)和副省長(zhǎng)都不貪污，他們會(huì)確保各部門(mén)主管都不侵吞公款。他們不會(huì)允許自己的下屬挪用公款、過(guò)著比自己還富有的生活?！?/SPAN>

巴什車(chē)夫斯基還指出，官員們其實(shí)已經(jīng)申報(bào)了自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)和收入。他說(shuō)：“如果你將過(guò)去兩年內(nèi)官員的財(cái)產(chǎn)和收入報(bào)告進(jìn)行比較，你會(huì)看見(jiàn)官員在過(guò)去一年內(nèi)購(gòu)置了什么產(chǎn)業(yè)?！?/SPAN>

Vocabulary:

confiscate: 沒(méi)收；充公

provision: 規(guī)定；條款