一、有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題思路 主旨題型(獲取主旨和大意)主要用于測試讀者對整篇短文的概要理解的能力,包括全文的中心思想,作者的寫作目的和意圖等。它是提高閱讀效率的一個(gè)重要技巧,但不是唯一的技巧。主題思想只是文章的框架,作者在構(gòu)思過程中,還必須對要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)或信息進(jìn)行具體的陳述,讀者應(yīng)能確切注意或記住作者在陳述中談到的是何人、何處、何事、何時(shí)和何故,這是十分重要的。因此,讀者必須密切重視人名、日期、事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)和地點(diǎn)等。對于這類細(xì)節(jié)性的問題,多數(shù)文章都比較明顯地提供了事實(shí)(facts)和細(xì)節(jié)(details),其答案必定在文章論述范圍之內(nèi)。讀者應(yīng)該找出文章中為所作的選擇提供依據(jù)的單詞和句子,而不能脫離原文去獲取信息,也不能倉促地作出沒有原文根據(jù)的假設(shè)。 二、題型的主要結(jié)構(gòu)形式及解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題形的三種主要形式:問句式、不完整的陳述句式和排除式。 1. 問句式 A) 結(jié)構(gòu)形式 是以提問的形式提出問題,用于測試讀者理解閱讀材料中具體內(nèi)容的能力。所有的題目常以"WHICH,WHERE,WHAT,WHEN,WHY"等Wh-Questions及"HOW"引導(dǎo)的問題作為開始的問句,問題主要涉及時(shí)間、人物、地點(diǎn)、原因、定義、數(shù)字等。其發(fā)問形式主要有以下幾種: 1) What does (did) somebody (something) do? 2) What do people like to do for... ? 3) What effect did something have on... ? 4) What is (was) the purpose of... ? 5) Why is (was) it necessary for somebody (not) to do something? 6) According to the passage, why is (was) in darter of(verb+ ing)? 7) Why is (was) somebody becoming (adj. )? 8) Where should somebody do something? 9) Where is (was)... located? 10) How many (days, months, years, hours, minutes, etc. ) does (did)somebody do something? 11) How did something happen? 12) When was something done? 13) When did it happen? 14) Which of the following people should (not) do it? 15) Which of the following did someboby have to deal with (face...)? B) 解題技巧 在解這類題時(shí),可采用"對號入座"的辦法,即帶著問題找句子,建議采取如下步驟: ①先看文章后面的問題(這常常被認(rèn)為是非常有效的方法),注意記憶關(guān)鍵的詞語,如人物、時(shí)間、事件等,確定每題目的發(fā)問中心,也就是說,某個(gè)問題是針對什么提問的。這樣我們就可以帶著問題去閱讀文章,做到有的放矢。 ②把每個(gè)問題的發(fā)問中心反饋到原文中去。當(dāng)讀到有關(guān)解答發(fā)問中心的信息時(shí),可在有關(guān)信息下面畫一直線以示突出。如果問題的順序沒有按順序給出,可以在原文信息下畫線的同時(shí),把問題的題號也標(biāo)出來,便于最后檢查,并節(jié)約時(shí)間。 ③在原文中找出對發(fā)問中心的解答信息后,可把原文信息放到問題中去,與每一個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行對照,與原文信息相符的那項(xiàng),即是正確的答案。 2. 不完整的陳述句式 A.結(jié)構(gòu)形式 有些題目出現(xiàn)的并不是問句,而是一個(gè)不完整的陳述句,要求讀者選出的答案與題干構(gòu)成的句子在意義上有原文內(nèi)容相符。題干為不完整的陳述句部分,而選擇項(xiàng)目為完形部分。選擇的項(xiàng)目主要涉及人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事物、數(shù)字、目的、原因等,道正老師發(fā)現(xiàn)這種題型的常見形式有以下幾種: 1) somebody has (had) been known to do something only when he(she) is (was)something is (was) made out of __ 2) According to the passage, Somebody does (did) something (in order) to 3) Something can (could) best be named (classified, called... ) as 4) The value of something amounts to __ 5) A certain kind of person is someone who __ 6) People are looking for better ways to 7) From their experience, they concluded that 8) When doing something, it is important to 9) Apparently he (she) felt (thought) that 10) When "it" happened, he was doing 11) The time for him to do it is __ 12) The reason why he did it was 13) According to the author, "it" was caused by_ 14) He does (did) something in __ B.解題技巧 這類題的答案與原文在字面上的差異很大,有時(shí)還要找出與前句的內(nèi)容在邏輯上的聯(lián)系。因此答此類細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解是關(guān)鍵,一定要冷靜,仔細(xì)分析。 3.排除式 A.結(jié)構(gòu)形式 前面兩種形式,都是依據(jù)短文所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),要求讀者完全理解全文,可以直接在文章中找到答案。還有一種問題的形式,就是要求我們排除文章中的說明信息,找出原文未敘及的內(nèi)容,間接地找出問題答案。道正老師發(fā)現(xiàn)這類題型主要有以下幾種形式: 1) In the passage, the author refers to something or somebody as all of the following except __ 2) Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage? 3) According to the passage which of the following is NOT true? 4) Which of the following is NOT stated in 5) Which of the following is NOT listed as 6) Which of the following is NOT necessary for __ 7) From the report you can NOT get the information of __ 8) Which of the following is NOT included in the display? 9) Which of the following could NOT be a consumer as described in the passage? 10) The author does NOT tell us __ B.解題技巧 做這類題時(shí),首先要仔細(xì)閱讀題后的選擇項(xiàng)目,牢記各個(gè)項(xiàng)目所闡述的不同內(nèi)容。然后許道正老師強(qiáng)烈建議帶著這些不同的內(nèi)容去閱讀原文。凡是原文中的信息有選擇項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容相同的,我們可以在這些信息下畫線,以作為排除的內(nèi)容。如果基本選擇項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容在原文找不到相應(yīng)的信息,那么該選擇項(xiàng)目即為該題的答案。這類題與前兩種題型不同,后者,答案應(yīng)包括在原文的內(nèi)容中,即與所述事實(shí)具有直接或間接的聯(lián)系,而前者的答案是被排除在原文內(nèi)容之外的,因此在答題時(shí)要將與原文有關(guān)的三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)排除,剩下的一個(gè)才是答案。 |
[發(fā)布者:yezi] | ||
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