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Although the operating system is more than 12 years old, and Windows XP computers haven't been shipped since 2010, there are still millions of them in use. Gartner estimates that as much as 25 percent of Windows PCs in the workplace are running XP. Consumers tend to be even slower in upgrading.

盡管Windows XP系統(tǒng)已服役12年多了，并且從2010年起就不再生產(chǎn)搭載Windows XP系統(tǒng)的電腦了，但使用這一系統(tǒng)的人仍然很多。美國咨詢公司高德納預(yù)計，世界25%的辦公用電腦仍然使用XP系統(tǒng)，而消費者更新系統(tǒng)的速度似乎更慢。

Microsoft Corp. is pushing remaining XP owners to upgrade to a newer operating system, such as Windows 7 or 8. It will still be possible to use existing Windows XP computers after Microsoft retires it Tuesday, but that comes with risks.

微軟公司一直在推動XP系統(tǒng)的用戶把電腦更新為Win7或Win8系統(tǒng)。盡管微軟公司周二宣布Windows XP系統(tǒng)正式退役，但現(xiàn)有的Windows XP系統(tǒng)仍然可以繼續(xù)使用，然而因為沒有了微軟的支持、使用XP將面臨許多風(fēng)險。

Here's a guide to the risks and your options.

下面是使用風(fēng)險及個人選擇指導(dǎo)手冊。

Q. What happens on Tuesday?

問：周二發(fā)生了什么？

A. That's the day Windows XP reaches what Microsoft calls "end of support."

答：這一天微軟宣布，Windows XP系統(tǒng)正式“退役”了。

You'll still be able to run XP computers and install past updates. If you need to reinstall XP from scratch, you can do so if you still have the discs that came with your computer.

你仍然能夠使用XP系統(tǒng)的電腦，并且安裝以往的更新。如果你想重新安裝XP系統(tǒng)，只要你還有與電腦匹配的安裝磁盤，就可以實現(xiàn)。

Q. If XP will still run, why do I need to upgrade?

問：如果XP系統(tǒng)仍然能夠使用，我為什么還要做系統(tǒng)更新呢？

A. A big reason is security. Hackers know Microsoft will no longer fix security flaws, so evil-doers have extra incentive to look for them. In addition, if a flaw is found for Windows 7 or 8, there's a good chance a similar issue exists for XP as well. So when the fixes come out for Windows 7 or 8, hackers can go back to XP to look for an opening.

答：安全是一個重要原因。黑客知道微軟不再修補安全漏洞，于是他們就會更有勁頭尋找這些漏洞。另外，如果Win7或Win8系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了漏洞，相似的技術(shù)漏洞XP系統(tǒng)也會存在。所以，當(dāng)Win7和Win8系統(tǒng)漏洞修補之后，黑客就可以回到XP系統(tǒng)上尋找突破口。

There are also performance issues. If you buy a new printer or scanner, it might not work on XP. Same goes for new software, particularly if it needs faster processors and more memory beyond what was standard in XP's heyday. XP also lacks features that are common with newer operating systems, including energy-saving measures for laptops.

同時還會出現(xiàn)設(shè)備運轉(zhuǎn)問題。如果你買了一臺新打印機或顯示器，很可能XP系統(tǒng)是不能匹配適用的，尤其是如果新設(shè)備需要XP標配所不具備的更快的處理器、更大的內(nèi)存，那么XP系統(tǒng)與新設(shè)備不適配的問題將更加突出。此外，XP系統(tǒng)也缺乏新系統(tǒng)的一些普遍功能，比如手提電腦的節(jié)能措施。

Q. What are my options for upgrading?

問：如果更新系統(tǒng)的話，我可以怎么做呢？

A. You can upgrade to Windows 7 or 8 by buying a disc. You will need to back up your files and have discs for any programs you may have installed, as upgrading requires completely wiping your hard drive and starting from scratch. Microsoft sells Windows 8 as an upgrade for $120; be sure to buy the DVD version and not the download.

答：你可以買一個安裝磁盤，把系統(tǒng)更新到Win7或Win8系統(tǒng)。為了預(yù)防安裝過程中出現(xiàn)任何問題，你需要先把文件和磁盤存儲做備份，因為系統(tǒng)更新需要徹底清除硬盤內(nèi)存，完全重新安裝。微軟出售的Win8更新磁盤售價120美元，請確保你購買的是DVD安裝軟件而不是下載版本。

Q. My XP computer works fine and fits my needs —and I don't want to spend money on an upgrade or a new machine. What should I do?

問：我的XP系統(tǒng)電腦功能良好，可以滿足我的需求，所以我不想花錢更新系統(tǒng)或買一臺新電腦。那么我應(yīng)該注意些什么呢？

A. First, be sure to run all of Microsoft's previously released updates, plus the last one on Tuesday.

答：首先要確保你已經(jīng)完成微軟給XP系統(tǒng)的所有漏洞修補更新，包括周二的最后一次。

Then think about what you really need the computer for. If you don't need an Internet connection, unplug it. That will minimize the risk. Be careful about attaching USB storage drives, as that might introduce malicious software. If you need the Internet, refrain from using email, Facebook and other communications channels through which malicious software might travel. Use a tablet, phone or another computer instead.

然后考慮一下你對這臺電腦的需求到底是什么。如果你不需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)鏈接，那就斷網(wǎng)，這樣可以把風(fēng)險化到最小。在插入USB設(shè)備時要格外小心，因為那有可能帶來病毒軟件。如果你需要上網(wǎng)，要少用電子郵件、Facebook以及其他可能包含病毒的交流渠道。你可以用平板電腦、手機或其他電腦來替代。

Q. Why is Microsoft doing this?

問：微軟為什么要這樣做呢？

A. As technology improves, it makes less sense to support something designed a PC generation or two ago. The company's resources are better spent on making newer products better.

答：隨著技術(shù)的改進，維護兩年前的電腦系統(tǒng)意義不再那么大了。微軟公司的資源更多地被用在生產(chǎn)更好的新產(chǎn)品上。